모성재(謀成齋)

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(孟子曰) … 老1)吾老，以及2)人之老；幼3)吾幼，以及人之幼。

天下可运4)於掌5)。

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Lǎo wú lǎo，yǐ jí rén zhī lǎo； yòu wú yòu，yǐ jí rén zhī yòu。 
Tiānxià kě yùn yú zhǎng。 

[English Translation] (Mencius said) “Respect my elder people, and then extend that to the other elder people. Take care of my younger people, and then extend that to the other younger people. 
Then the whole world can be turned around on the palm.

诗6)云7)：‘刑8)于9)寡10)妻11)，至于兄12)弟13)，以御14)于家邦15)。’ 言举16)斯心17)加18)诸19)彼20)而已。

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Shī yún：‘xíng yú guǎ qī，zhì yú xiōng dì，yǐ yù yú jiā bāng ’ yán jǔ sī xīn jiā zhū bǐ ér yǐ。

[English Translation] The Poetry says: ‘I set an example for my wife; It extended to my brothers, and rule the family and the country.’ It speaks of taking this mind and extending it to others and that’s all.

故21)推22)恩23)足24)以保25)四海26)，不推恩无27)以保妻子。

古之人所以大过28)人者无他29)焉，善推其所为而已矣。

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Gù tuī ēn zú yǐ bǎo sì hǎi， bù tuī ēn wú yǐ bǎo qī zǐ。 
Gǔ zhī rén suǒ yǐ dà guò rén zhě wú tā yān，shàn tuī qí suǒ wéi ér yǐ yǐ。 

[English Translation] Thus, if one extends his kindness, then it will be enough to protect all within the Four Seas of the world, if one doesn’t extend his kindness, then he can’t even protect his wife and children. 
The reason the ancients so greatly surpassed most people was nother other than this: they were good at extending what they did and that’s all.

1) 老: (lǎo). old, elderly, to treat somebody as the elderly should be treated (→ to respect).

2) 及: (jí). to reach, to extend to.

3) 幼: (yòu). young, young child, to treat somebody as the young should be treated (→ to take care of).

4) 运(運): (yùn). to move, to revolve.

5) 掌: (zhǎng). palm.

6) 诗(詩): (shī). poetry, ode.

7) 云: (yún). to say.

8) 刑: (xíng). punishment, example, to set an example.

9) 于: (yú). ≒ 於

10) 寡: (guǎ). Few.

11) 妻: (qī). wife.

12) 兄: (xiōng). elder borther.

13) 弟: (dì). younger brother.

14) 御: (jiā). to drive, to rule.

15) 邦: (bāng). country.

16) 举(擧): (jǔ). to raise, to take.

17) 心: (xīn). heart.

18) 加: (jiā). to add.

19) 诸(諸): (zhū). 之 + 於

20) 彼: (bǐ). that, those, they.

21) 故: (gù). reason, thus, therefore.

22) 推: (tuī). to push.

23) 恩: (ēn). kindness.

24) 足: (zú). foot, enough.

25) 保: (bǎo). to protect.

26) 四海: (sì hǎi). Four Seas, world.

27) 无(無): (wú). don’t have, be not.

28) 过(過): (guò). to pass.

29) 他: (tā). other

https://youtu.be/Q9SqmOnIkzw

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子曰：“爲政以德，譬如北辰，居其所而眾星共(拱)之。”

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Zǐ yuē: “Wéi zhèng yǐ dé, pì rú běi chén,  jū qí suǒ ér zhòng xīng gǒng zhī.”

[English Translation] The Master said, “Conducting government (in accordance) with virtue, its analogy would be like the North Star. It stands in its place, and numerous stars surround it.

[Modern Chinese Translation] 孔子说：“用道德来治理國政，如同北极星，在一定的位置上，众星都环绕它。”

1) 爲(为): (wéi). to do, to conduct; to make; to be, to become.

2) 政: (zhèng). government, politics.

3) 以: (yǐ). to use, with, by means of.

4) 德: (dé). virtue, morally good behavior or character.

5) 譬: (pì). analogy, metaphor.

6) 如: (rú). to be like.

7) 北辰: (běi chén). north star, pole star.

8) 居: (jū). to occupy [a place], to live, to stand [in a place]

9) 其: (qí). this, that, one's.

10) 所: (suǒ). place, location.

11) 而: (ér). and.

12) 眾(众): (zhòng). crowd, people, numerous, common.

13) 星: (xīng). star.

14) 拱: (gǒng). to make both hands surround each other.

15) 之: (zhī). It.

https://youtu.be/UHT7pxTPw_0

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子1)曰2)：“學3)而4)不5)思6)則7)罔8)，思而不學則殆9)。”

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] zǐ yuē xué ér bù sī zé wǎng sī ér bù xué zé dài

[English Translation] The Master (Confucius) said, “If one learns but not think, (t)he(y) will have gained nothing; if one thinks but not learn, (t)he(y) will be in danger.”

[Modern Chinese Translation] 孔子说：“只是学习却不思考，就无所得；只是思考却不学习，就会危险。”

1) 子: (zǐ). child. Master.

2) 曰: (yuē). to say.

3) 學(学): (xué). to learn, learning.

4) 而: (ér). but.

5) 不: (bù). not.

6) 思: (sī). to think, thought.

7) 則(则): (zé). then.

8) 罔: (wǎng). nothing, pointless, meaningless.

9) 殆: (dài). dangerous, danger.

https://youtu.be/XYraIXRWMJc

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孟子1)见2)梁3)惠王4)。

王曰：“叟5)不远千6)里7)而来8)，亦9)将10)有以利11)吾12)国13)乎？”

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Mèngzǐ jiàn Liáng Huì wáng。

Wáng yuē：“Sǒu, bù yuǎn qiān lǐ ér lái，yì jiāng yǒu yǐ lì wú guó hū？” 

[English Translation] Mencius saw the King Hui of Liang.

The King said, “Venerable sir, you have come, not regarding 1,000 li as too far. You are, indeed, going to have some means to profit my state, aren’t you, sir?”

孟子对14)曰：“王何15)必曰利？亦有仁义16)而已17)矣。王曰‘何以利吾国？’，大夫18)曰‘何以利吾家19)？’，士20)庶人21)曰‘何以利吾身？’，上22)下23)交24)征25)利而国危26)矣。”

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Mèngzǐ duì yuē：“Wáng hé bì yuē lì？ Yì yǒu rén yì ér yǐ yǐ. Wáng yuē ‘hé yǐ lì wú guó？’，dà fū yuē ‘hé yǐ lì wú jiā？’，shì shù rén yuē ‘hé yǐ lì wú shēn？’， shàng xià jiāo zhēng lì ér guó wēi yǐ.”

[English Translation] Mencius replied, “Why must Your Majesty say profit? I indeed have Humaneness and Righteousness and that’s all. If Your Majesty say, ‘How can I profit my state?’, the high officers will say, ‘How can I profit my families?’, and the knights and common people will say, ‘How can I profit myself?’ The upper and lower classes will fight with each other for profit and the state will be endangered.”

1) 孟子: (Mèngzǐ). Mencius.

2) 见(見): (jiàn). to see.

3) 梁: (Liáng). The capital of Wèi (魏).

4) 惠王: (Huì wáng). The King Hui.

5) 叟: (sǒu). old man, venerable elder.

6) 千: (qiān). thousand (1,000).

7) 里: (lǐ). li (1/4 mile).

8) 来(來): (zhèng). to come.

9) 亦: (yì). also; indeed.

10) 将(將): (jiāng). will, to be going to.

11) 利: (lì). to profit.

12) 吾: (wú). my.

13) 国(國): (guó). state.

14) 对(對): (duì). to reply, to answer.

15) 何: (hé). what, why, how.

16) 义(義): (yì). Righteousness, Justice.

17) 已: (yǐ). to end, to stop, already.

18) 大夫: (dà fū). high officer.

19) 家: (jiā). house, family.

20) 士: (shì). knight.

21) 庶人: (shù rén). common people.

22) 上: (shàng). upper, upper class.

23) 下: (xià). lower, lower class.

24) 交: (jiāo). to cross, to associate with; mutually, each other.

25) 征: (zhēng). to march, to fight for.

26) 危: (wēi). to be endangered.

https://youtu.be/8uvsyQovUd4

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