모성재(謀成齋)

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(孟子曰) … 老1)吾老，以及2)人之老；幼3)吾幼，以及人之幼。

天下可运4)於掌5)。

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Lǎo wú lǎo，yǐ jí rén zhī lǎo； yòu wú yòu，yǐ jí rén zhī yòu。 
Tiānxià kě yùn yú zhǎng。 

[English Translation] (Mencius said) “Respect my elder people, and then extend that to the other elder people. Take care of my younger people, and then extend that to the other younger people. 
Then the whole world can be turned around on the palm.

诗6)云7)：‘刑8)于9)寡10)妻11)，至于兄12)弟13)，以御14)于家邦15)。’ 言举16)斯心17)加18)诸19)彼20)而已。

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Shī yún：‘xíng yú guǎ qī，zhì yú xiōng dì，yǐ yù yú jiā bāng ’ yán jǔ sī xīn jiā zhū bǐ ér yǐ。

[English Translation] The Poetry says: ‘I set an example for my wife; It extended to my brothers, and rule the family and the country.’ It speaks of taking this mind and extending it to others and that’s all.

故21)推22)恩23)足24)以保25)四海26)，不推恩无27)以保妻子。

古之人所以大过28)人者无他29)焉，善推其所为而已矣。

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Gù tuī ēn zú yǐ bǎo sì hǎi， bù tuī ēn wú yǐ bǎo qī zǐ。 
Gǔ zhī rén suǒ yǐ dà guò rén zhě wú tā yān，shàn tuī qí suǒ wéi ér yǐ yǐ。 

[English Translation] Thus, if one extends his kindness, then it will be enough to protect all within the Four Seas of the world, if one doesn’t extend his kindness, then he can’t even protect his wife and children. 
The reason the ancients so greatly surpassed most people was nother other than this: they were good at extending what they did and that’s all.

1) 老: (lǎo). old, elderly, to treat somebody as the elderly should be treated (→ to respect).

2) 及: (jí). to reach, to extend to.

3) 幼: (yòu). young, young child, to treat somebody as the young should be treated (→ to take care of).

4) 运(運): (yùn). to move, to revolve.

5) 掌: (zhǎng). palm.

6) 诗(詩): (shī). poetry, ode.

7) 云: (yún). to say.

8) 刑: (xíng). punishment, example, to set an example.

9) 于: (yú). ≒ 於

10) 寡: (guǎ). Few.

11) 妻: (qī). wife.

12) 兄: (xiōng). elder borther.

13) 弟: (dì). younger brother.

14) 御: (jiā). to drive, to rule.

15) 邦: (bāng). country.

16) 举(擧): (jǔ). to raise, to take.

17) 心: (xīn). heart.

18) 加: (jiā). to add.

19) 诸(諸): (zhū). 之 + 於

20) 彼: (bǐ). that, those, they.

21) 故: (gù). reason, thus, therefore.

22) 推: (tuī). to push.

23) 恩: (ēn). kindness.

24) 足: (zú). foot, enough.

25) 保: (bǎo). to protect.

26) 四海: (sì hǎi). Four Seas, world.

27) 无(無): (wú). don’t have, be not.

28) 过(過): (guò). to pass.

29) 他: (tā). other

https://youtu.be/Q9SqmOnIkzw

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孟子1)见2)梁3)惠王4)。

王曰：“叟5)不远千6)里7)而来8)，亦9)将10)有以利11)吾12)国13)乎？”

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Mèngzǐ jiàn Liáng Huì wáng。

Wáng yuē：“Sǒu, bù yuǎn qiān lǐ ér lái，yì jiāng yǒu yǐ lì wú guó hū？” 

[English Translation] Mencius saw the King Hui of Liang.

The King said, “Venerable sir, you have come, not regarding 1,000 li as too far. You are, indeed, going to have some means to profit my state, aren’t you, sir?”

孟子对14)曰：“王何15)必曰利？亦有仁义16)而已17)矣。王曰‘何以利吾国？’，大夫18)曰‘何以利吾家19)？’，士20)庶人21)曰‘何以利吾身？’，上22)下23)交24)征25)利而国危26)矣。”

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Mèngzǐ duì yuē：“Wáng hé bì yuē lì？ Yì yǒu rén yì ér yǐ yǐ. Wáng yuē ‘hé yǐ lì wú guó？’，dà fū yuē ‘hé yǐ lì wú jiā？’，shì shù rén yuē ‘hé yǐ lì wú shēn？’， shàng xià jiāo zhēng lì ér guó wēi yǐ.”

[English Translation] Mencius replied, “Why must Your Majesty say profit? I indeed have Humaneness and Righteousness and that’s all. If Your Majesty say, ‘How can I profit my state?’, the high officers will say, ‘How can I profit my families?’, and the knights and common people will say, ‘How can I profit myself?’ The upper and lower classes will fight with each other for profit and the state will be endangered.”

1) 孟子: (Mèngzǐ). Mencius.

2) 见(見): (jiàn). to see.

3) 梁: (Liáng). The capital of Wèi (魏).

4) 惠王: (Huì wáng). The King Hui.

5) 叟: (sǒu). old man, venerable elder.

6) 千: (qiān). thousand (1,000).

7) 里: (lǐ). li (1/4 mile).

8) 来(來): (zhèng). to come.

9) 亦: (yì). also; indeed.

10) 将(將): (jiāng). will, to be going to.

11) 利: (lì). to profit.

12) 吾: (wú). my.

13) 国(國): (guó). state.

14) 对(對): (duì). to reply, to answer.

15) 何: (hé). what, why, how.

16) 义(義): (yì). Righteousness, Justice.

17) 已: (yǐ). to end, to stop, already.

18) 大夫: (dà fū). high officer.

19) 家: (jiā). house, family.

20) 士: (shì). knight.

21) 庶人: (shù rén). common people.

22) 上: (shàng). upper, upper class.

23) 下: (xià). lower, lower class.

24) 交: (jiāo). to cross, to associate with; mutually, each other.

25) 征: (zhēng). to march, to fight for.

26) 危: (wēi). to be endangered.

https://youtu.be/8uvsyQovUd4

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颜渊1)问仁。

子曰：“克2)己复3)礼4)为仁。一日5)克己复礼，天下6)归7)仁焉。为仁由8)己，而由人乎哉？”

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Yán Yuān wèn rén.

Zǐ yuē：“Kè jǐ fù lǐ wéi rén。Yī rì kè jǐ fù lǐ，tiān xià guī rén yān。Wéi rén yóu jǐ，ér yóu rén hū zāi？”

[English Translation] Yan Yuan asked about Humaneness. 

The Master said, “To overcome selfishness and return to ritual is Humane. If for one day overcome selfishness and return to ritual, the whole world will bend toward Humane. Practicing Humanity proceeds from yourself. Does it proceed from others?”

颜渊曰：“请9)问其目10)。”

子曰：“非礼勿11)视12)，非礼勿听13)，非礼勿言14)，非礼勿动15)。”

颜渊曰：“回16)虽不敏17)，请事斯语18)矣。”

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Yán Yuān yuē：“Qǐng wèn qí mù.” 

Zǐ yuē：“Fēi lǐ wù shì, fēi lǐ wù tīng, fēi lǐ wù yán, fēi lǐ wù dòng.” 

Yán Yuān yuē：“Huí suī bù mǐn，qǐng shì sī yǔ yǐ.”

[English Translation] Yan Yuan said, “I beg to ask detailed items.” 

The Master said, “Anything non-ritual, don’t look at it. anything non-ritual, don’t listen to it. anything non-ritual, don’t say it. anything non-ritual, don’t do it.”

Yan Yuan said, “Although I, Hui, am not clever, I beg to work hard for these words.”

1) 颜渊(顏淵): (Yán Yuān). Yan Yuan (a disciple of Confucius).

2) 克: (kè). to win, to overcome.

3) 复(復): (fù). to return, to recover.

4) 礼(禮): (lǐ). rite, ritual.

5) 日: (rì). sun, day.

6) 天下: (tiān xià). world.

7) 归(歸): (guī). to come back, to bend toward.

8) 由: (yóu). to come from, to proceed from.

9) 请(請): (qǐng). to request, to beg.

10) 目: (mù). eye, item.

11) 勿: (wù). do not.

12) 视(視): (shì). to see, to look at.

13) 听(聽): (tīng). to listen to.

14) 言: (yán). to say.

15) 动(動): (dòng). to move, to do.

※ About topicalization: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topicalization 

“非礼(Topic) - Empty Subject[you] - 勿视(Verb) - Empty Object[replaced by Topic]”

“Anything non-ritual, don’t look at it.”

16) 回: (Huí). to turn around (the name of Yan Yuan).

17) 敏: (mǐn). to be cerebral, to be clever.

18) 语(語): (yǔ). words, speech.

https://youtu.be/hnF32AHK0MI

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子曰：“三1)人行，必2)有3)我师4)焉5)。择6)其善7)者而从之，其不善者而改8)。”

[Mandarin Chinese Reading] Zǐ yuē: “Sān rén xíng，bì yǒu wǒ shī yān。Zé qí shàn zhě ér cóng zhī，qí bù shàn zhě ér gǎi zhī.”

[English Translation] The Master said, “When the three of us walk together, there must be my teacher among them. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and change myself.”

[Modern Chinese Transltion] 孔子说：“三人同行，其中一定有我师了。我选取那些善的从它，那些不善的改正。”

1) 三: (sān). three.

2) 必: (bì). certainly, must.

3) 有: (yǒu). to have, to be.

4) 师(師): (shī). army, teacher.

5) 焉: (yān). [object paronoun] represents a combination of 於 + 之.

6) 择(擇): (zé). to select.

7) 善: (shàn). to be good.

8) 改: (gǎi). to change, to fix.

https://youtu.be/w297WscE_mU

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